RMarkdown & Plotting

.leftcol30[
<center>
<img src="https://github.com/emse-madd-gwu/emse-madd-gwu.github.io/raw/master/images/madd_hex_sticker.png" width=250>
</center>
]

### <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:white;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M496 128v16a8 8 0 0 1-8 8h-24v12c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H60c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-12H24a8 8 0 0 1-8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 1 4.941-7.392l232-88a7.996 7.996 0 0 1 6.118 0l232 88A8 8 0 0 1 496 128zm-24 304H40c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h464a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM96 192v192H60c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v20h416v-20c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-36V192h-64v192h-64V192h-64v192h-64V192H96z"/></svg> EMSE 6035: Marketing Analytics for Design Decisions
### <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:white;" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M224 256c70.7 0 128-57.3 128-128S294.7 0 224 0 96 57.3 96 128s57.3 128 128 128zm89.6 32h-16.7c-22.2 10.2-46.9 16-72.9 16s-50.6-5.8-72.9-16h-16.7C60.2 288 0 348.2 0 422.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-41.6c0-74.2-60.2-134.4-134.4-134.4z"/></svg> John Paul Helveston
### <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:white;" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M0 464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V192H0v272zm320-196c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40zm0 128c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40zM192 268c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40zm0 128c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40zM64 268c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H76c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40zm0 128c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H76c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40zM400 64h-48V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48H160V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v48h448v-48c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z"/></svg> September 15, 2021
]

---

# Quiz 1

### Make sure to download the zip file on the first page!
]

---

# Week 3: .fancy[RMarkdown & Plotting]

### 1. Intro to RMarkdown
### 2. Intro to ggplot2

### BREAK

### 3. Project attributes & levels

---

# Week 3: .fancy[RMarkdown & Plotting]

### 1. .orange[Intro to RMarkdown]
### 2. Intro to ggplot2

### BREAK

### 3. Project attributes & levels

---

# "Literate programming"

[Donald E. Knuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth)
]]

---

background-image: url(images/horst_monsters_rmarkdown.png)
background-size: contain
background-color: #FFFFFF

---

# .center[Anatomy of a .Rmd file]

<br>

# YAML (**Y**et **A**nother **M**arkdown **L**anguage)

# Markdown text

# R code

---

# Quick demo

# Open `rmd_demo.Rmd`, then click "knit"

---

# Define overall document options in YAML

.leftcol[
Basic html page
```yaml
---
title: Your title here
author: Your name here
output: html_document
---
```
]

.rightcol[
Add table of contents, change theme
```yaml
---
title: Your title here
author: Your name here
output:
  html_document:
    toc: true
    toc_float: true
    theme: flatly
---
```

Other themes at https://bootswatch.com/
]

---

# 🧶 Knit to multiple outputs

```r
rmarkdown::render("rmd_demo.Rmd", output_format = "all")
```

]

.rightcol[
```yaml
---
title: Your title here
author: Your name here
output:
  html_document:
    toc: true
    toc_float: true
    theme: flatly
  word_document: default
  pdf_document: default
---
```
]

---

# .center[Anatomy of a .Rmd file]

<br>

# ~~YAML (**Y**et **A**nother **M**arkdown **L**anguage)~~

# .red[Markdown text]

# R code

---

# Right now, bookmark this! 👇

# https://commonmark.org/help/

# (When you have 10 minutes, do this! 👇)

# https://commonmark.org/help/tutorial/

---

# .center[Headers]

## HEADER 2

### HEADER 3

#### HEADER 4

##### HEADER 5

###### HEADER 6
```
]

## HEADER 2

### HEADER 3

#### HEADER 4

##### HEADER 5

###### HEADER 6
]

---

# .center[Basic Text Formatting]

- `normal text`
- `_italic text_`
- `*italic text*`
- `**bold text**`
- `***bold italic text***`
- `~~strikethrough~~`
- `` `code text` ``
]

- normal text
- _italic text_
- *italic text*
- **bold text**
- ***bold italic text***
- ~~strikethrough~~
- `code text`
]

---
class: top

# .center[Lists]

Bullet list:

```r
- first item
- second item
- third item
```

- first item
- second item
- third item
]

Numbered list:

```r
1. first item
2. second item
3. third item
```

1. first item
2. second item
3. third item
]

---

# .center[Links]

Simple **url link** to another site:

```r
[Download R](http://www.r-project.org/)
```

[Download R](http://www.r-project.org/)

---

# Back to `rmd_demo.Rmd`

---

# .center[Anatomy of a .Rmd file]

<br>

# ~~YAML (**Y**et **A**nother **M**arkdown **L**anguage)~~

# ~~Markdown text~~

# .red[R code]

---
class: center

# R Code

## Inline code

```r
`r insert code here`
```

]]

## Code chunks

---

# Inline R code

```r
The sum of 3 and 4 is `r 3 + 4`
```

Produces this:

The sum of 3 and 4 is 7

---

# R Code chunks

This code chunk...

````markdown
```{r}
bears %>%
  count(month)
```
````
]

```r
bears %>%
  count(month)
```

```
#> # A tibble: 12 × 2
#>    month     n
#>    <dbl> <int>
#>  1     1     3
#>  2     2     1
#>  3     3     1
#>  4     4     4
#>  5     5    18
#>  6     6    20
#>  7     7    27
#>  8     8    28
#>  9     9    25
#> 10    10    25
#> 11    11    12
#> 12    12     2
```
]

---

# Chunk options

Control what chunks output using options inside `{r}`:

Example: `{r, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE}`

---

# .center[Chunk output options]

````markdown
```{r, echo=FALSE}
cat('hello world!')
```
````

Prints only **output**<br>(doesn't show code)

```
#> hello world!
```
]

````markdown
```{r, eval=FALSE}
cat('hello world!')
```
````

Prints only **code**<br>(doesn't run the code)

```r
cat('hello world!')
```
]
--
.cols3[

````markdown
```{r, include=FALSE}
cat('hello world!')
```
````

Runs, but doesn't print anything

]

---

# message / warning

![](https://www.tidyverse.org/images/tidyverse_1.2.0/tidyverse_1-2-0_pkg_load.gif)

---

# message / warning

Drop messages and warnings in chunk settings

````markdown
```{r, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
library(tidyverse)
```
````
]

---

# A global `setup` chunk 🌍

One chunk to rule them all!

````markdown
```{r setup, include = FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  warning = FALSE,
  message = FALSE,
  comment = "#>",
  fig.retina = 3,
  fig.path = "figs/"
)
```
````

]

- A special chunk label: `setup`
- Typically the first chunk
- All following chunks will use these options (i.e., sets global chunk options)
- **Tip**: set `include=FALSE`
- You can (and should) use individual chunk options too

]

---

## Think Pair Share

2) Create a "setup" code chunk to read in the `bear_killings.csv` data file<br>(HINT: You might want to look back at the `rmd_demo.Rmd` file!).

3) Use text and code to find answers each of the following questions - show your code and results to justify each answer:

- Which months have the highest frequency of bear killings?
- Who has been killed more often by bears: hunters or hikers?
- How do the the number of bear attacks on men vs women compare?

HINT: Use `bears %>% count(variable)` to count how many rows are in the data for each unique value of `variable`
]

---

# Week 3: .fancy[RMarkdown & Plotting]

### 1. Intro to RMarkdown
### 2. .orange[Intro to ggplot2]

### BREAK

### 3. Project attributes & levels

---

Concept developed by Leland Wilkinson (1999)

**ggplot2** package developed by Hadley Wickham (2005)
]

---

# Making plot layers with ggplot2

<br>

### 1. The data 
### 2. The aesthetic mapping (what goes on the axes?)
### 3. The geometries (points? bars? etc.)
### 4. The annotations / labels
### 5. The theme

---

# Layer 1: The data

```r
head(mpg)
```

```
#> # A tibble: 6 × 11
#>   manufacturer model displ  year   cyl trans      drv     cty   hwy fl    class  
#>   <chr>        <chr> <dbl> <int> <int> <chr>      <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr>  
#> 1 audi         a4      1.8  1999     4 auto(l5)   f        18    29 p     compact
#> 2 audi         a4      1.8  1999     4 manual(m5) f        21    29 p     compact
#> 3 audi         a4      2    2008     4 manual(m6) f        20    31 p     compact
#> 4 audi         a4      2    2008     4 auto(av)   f        21    30 p     compact
#> 5 audi         a4      2.8  1999     6 auto(l5)   f        16    26 p     compact
#> 6 audi         a4      2.8  1999     6 manual(m5) f        18    26 p     compact
```

---

# Layer 1: The data

The `ggplot()` function initializes the plot with whatever data you're using

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot()
```
]

---

# Layer 2: The aesthetic mapping

The `aes()` function determines which variables will be _mapped_ to the geometries<br>(e.g. the axes)

```r
mpg %>% 
* ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy))
```
]

---

# Layer 3: The geometries

Use `+` to add geometries, e.g. `geom_points()` for points

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
* geom_point()
```
]

---

# Layer 4: The annotations / labels

Use `labs()` to modify most labels

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* labs(
*   x = "Engine displacement (liters)",
*   y = "Highway fuel economy (mpg)",
*   title = "Most larger engine vehicles are less fuel efficient"
* )
```
]

---

# Layer 5: The theme

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(
    x = "Engine displacement (liters)",  
    y = "Highway fuel economy (mpg)", 
    title = "Most larger engine vehicles are less fuel efficient"
  ) + 
* theme_bw()
```
]

---

### Common themes

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* theme_bw()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-27-1.png" width="432" />
]

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* theme_minimal()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-28-1.png" width="432" />
]

---

### Common themes

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* theme_classic()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-29-1.png" width="432" />
]

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* theme_void()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-30-1.png" width="432" />
]

---

### Other themes: [hrbrthemes](https://github.com/hrbrmstr/hrbrthemes)

```r
remotes::install_github("hrbrmstr/hrbrthemes")
```

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-32-1.png" width="432" />
]

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* hrbrthemes::theme_ft_rc()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-33-1.png" width="432" />
]

---

### Other themes: [ggthemes](https://jrnold.github.io/ggthemes/)

```r
install.packages('ggthemes', dependencies = TRUE)
```

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* ggthemes::theme_economist()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-35-1.png" width="432" />
]

```r
mpg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
  geom_point() +
* ggthemes::theme_economist_white()
```

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-36-1.png" width="432" />
]

---

# More practice

# Open `ggplot2.Rmd`

---

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-38-1.png" width="522.144" />
]

.rightcol[
<div class="countdown" id="timer_61619d93" style="top:0;right:0;font-size:2em;" data-warnwhen="15">
<code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">15</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code>
</div>

## Think Pair Share

Use the `mpg` data frame and ggplot to create these charts

<img src="figs/unnamed-chunk-40-1.png" width="522.144" />
]

---

# .fancy[Break]

---

# Extra practice

---

# Week 3: .fancy[RMarkdown & Plotting]

### 1. Intro to RMarkdown
### 2. Intro to ggplot2

### BREAK

### 3. .orange[Project attributes & levels]

---

# Model Relationships Table ([example](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1iwMI9cbJjB6J8wghZY6Y_fCOSt7MDsUTnSuuC58_xjU/edit?usp=sharing))

## Start defining attribute _levels_

---

# Defining attribute levels

- **Price**: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ($)
- **Power Output**: 60, 80, 120 (Watts)

## Discrete

- **Color**: Red, Blue, Yellow
- **Material**: Plastic, Aluminum, Glass
]

.rightcol[
- Look at competitors
- Search web for values that cover the full set of values available today (and maybe some into the future)

]